按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
have been at work during the last thirty years； and it is difficult； nay impossible； to ascertain in what degree they have affected the national character； thus far。 One notes the obvious： decline of conventional religion； free discussion of the old moral standards； therewith； a growth of materialism which favours every anarchic tendency。 Is it to be feared that self…righteousness may be degenerating into the darker vice of true hypocrisy？ For the English to lose belief in themselves……not merely in their potential goodness； but in their pre…eminence as examples and agents of good……would mean as hopeless a national corruption as any recorded in history。 To doubt their genuine worship； in the past； of a very high （though not； of course； the highest） ethical ideal； is impossible for any one born and bred in England； no less impossible to deny that those who are rightly deemed 〃best〃 among us； the men and women of gentle or humble birth who are not infected by the evils of the new spirit； still lead； in a very true sense； 〃honest； sober； and godly〃 lives。 Such folk； one knows； were never in a majority； but of old they had a power which made them veritable representatives of the English ETHOS。 If they thought highly of themselves； why； the fact justified them； if they spoke； at times； as Pharisees； it was a fault of temper which carried with it no grave condemnation。 Hypocrisy was； of all forms of baseness； that which they most abhorred。 So is it still with their descendants。 Whether these continue to speak among us with authority； no man can certainly say。 If their power is lost； and those who talk of English hypocrisy no longer use the word amiss； we shall soon know it。
XXII
It is time that we gave a second thought to Puritanism。 In the heyday of release from forms which had lost their meaning； it was natural to look back on that period of our history with eyes that saw in it nothing but fanatical excess； we approved the picturesque phrase which showed the English mind going into prison and having the key turned upon it。 Now； when the peril of emancipation bees as manifest as was the hardship of restraint； we shall do well to remember all the good that lay in that stern Puritan discipline； how it renewed the spiritual vitality of our race； and made for the civic freedom which is our highest national privilege。 An age of intellectual glory is wont to be paid for in the general decline of that which follows。 Imagine England under Stuart rule； with no faith but the Protestantism of the Tudor。 Imagine （not to think of worse） English literature represented by Cowley； and the name of Milton unknown。 The Puritan came as the physician； he brought his tonic at the moment when lassitude and supineness would naturally have followed upon a supreme display of racial vitality。 Regret； if you will； that England turned for her religion to the books of Israel； this suddenly revealed sympathy of our race with a fierce Oriental theocracy is perhaps not difficult to explain； but one cannot help wishing that its piety had taken another form； later； there had to e the 〃exodus from Houndsditch；〃 with how much conflict and misery！ Such； however； was the price of the soul's health； we must accept the fact； and be content to see its better meaning。 Health； of course； in speaking of mankind； is always a relative term。 From the point of view of a conceivable civilization； Puritan England was lamentably ailing； but we must always ask； not how much better off a people might be； but how much worse。 Of all theological systems； the most convincing is Manicheism； which； of course； under another name； was held by the Puritans themselves。 What we call Restoration morality……the morality； that is to say； of a king and court……might well have bee that of the nation at large under a Stuart dynasty safe from religious revolution。
The political services of Puritanism were inestimable； they will be more feelingly remembered when England has once more to face the danger of political tyranny。 I am thinking now of its effects upon social life。 To it we owe the characteristic which； in some other countries； is expressed by the term English prudery； the accusation implied being part of the general charge of hypocrisy。 It is said by observers among ourselves that the prudish habit of mind is dying out； and this is looked upon as a satisfactory thing； as a sign of healthy emancipation。 If by prude be meant a secretly vicious person who affects an excessive decorum； by all means let the prude disappear； even at the cost of some shamelessness。 If； on the other hand； a prude is one who； living a decent life； cultivates； either by bent or principle； a somewhat extreme delicacy of thought and speech with regard to elementary facts of human nature； then I say that this is most emphatically a fault in the right direction； and I have no desire to see its prevalence diminish。 On the whole； it is the latter meaning which certain foreigners have in mind when they speak of English prudery……at all events； as exhibited by women； it being； not so much an imputation on chastity； as a charge of conceited foolishness。 An English woman who typifies the begueule may be spotless as snow； but she is presumed to have snow's other quality； and at the same time to be a thoroughly absurd and intolerable creature。 Well； here is the point of difference。 Fastidiousness of speech is not a direct oute of Puritanism； as our literature sufficiently proves； it is a refinement of civilization following upon absorption into the national life of all the best things which Puritanism had to teach。 We who know English women by the experience of a lifetime are well aware that their careful choice of language betokens； far more often than not； a corresponding delicacy of mind。 Landor saw it as a ridiculous trait that English people were so mealy…mouthed in speaking of their bodies； De Quincey； taking him to task for this remark； declared it a proof of blunted sensibility due to long residence in Italy； and； whether the particular explanation held good or not； as regards the question at issue； De Quincey was perfectly right。 It is very good to be mealy…mouthed with respect to everything that reminds us of the animal i