°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¹«Ë¾µ½ÁË¡£¡£¡¡1983Äêʧȥ¿ØÖÆÏÕ´ËÍѹ졣ƻ¹ûÃæÁÙ×ÅÒ»¸ö³É³¤¹«
˾µÄÁ쵼Σ»ú£¨Leadership¡¡crisis£©£¬Ã»ÓÐÈËÄܹ»ÓÐЧµØ¹ÜÀí
ÈÕ³£¾Óª¡£Ù®²®Ë¹ÊǸö°ÁÂý¶øÓÐÔ¶¼ûµÄÑÝ˵¼Ò£¬¶øÎÖÔøÄáÑÇ
¿ËÊǸöÉñÆæµÄ¼¼Ê¦¡£
ϵͳÀíÂÛ¡£¡£¡¡
¡¨Systems¡¡Theory¡¡and¡¡Organizational¡¡Analysis£»¡¨¡¡by¡¡Professor¡¡
James¡¡Clawson£»¡¡Case¡¡UVAOB¡214£»¡¡Figure¡¡1£»¡¡Copyright¡¡£¨¡¡1983¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
Darden¡¡Graduate¡¡Business¡¡School¡¡Foundation£»¡¡Charlottesville£»¡¡
Virginia¡£
¹«Ë¾Ëæ×Å´´ÔìÐÔϽµ£¬¿ªÊ¼³öÏÖÎÊÌ⡣ƻ¹û¶þºÅ»úµøÁË
¸úÍ·£¬ÐÂÐÍLisaµçÄÔ»úʧ°Ü¡£Õâʱ£¬Ô¼º²¡¤Ë¹¿¨Àû£¨ÎÖ¶Ù¡£¡£¡¡1963
½ì¡£¡£¡¡MBA£©´Ó°ÙÊ¿ÉÀÖ±»Çë½ø¹«Ë¾¡£Ë¹¿¨ÀûÖØ×éÁËÆ»¹û£¬Ïû¼õÁË
×ܲ¿µÄ¹ý¶È¿ªÖ§¡£Ë¹µÙÎÄ¡¤ÇDz¼Ë¹¼°ÆäÒ»°ïÈËÒªÇó¸ü¶àµÄ×Ô
Ö÷Ȩ£¨Autonomy£©£¬ÒÔ¿ª·¢
»ú¹¹µÄ½ø»¯ºÍ¸ïÃü
Ò»ÖÖÍ»ÆÆÐÔ²úÆ·£¬Ë¹¿¨ÀûͬÒâÁË¡£ÕâÒ»ÊÚȨ£¨Delegation£©´Ù
³ÉÁËÂó½ðÍÐʲ»ú£¨Macintosh£©¡¡µÄµ®Éú¡£
Macintosh»ú¿ª´´ÁËÒ»¸ö·ÉËٳɳ¤½×¶Î¡£È»¶ø£¬ÇDz¼ÆÚÎÞ
·¨ÔÚÒ»¸ö³É³¤ÖеĹ«Ë¾¹ÙÁÅ»ú¹¹¹¤×÷£¬ÓÚÊÇËûÓÖ´´½¨ÁË¡£¡£¡¡NeXT
¹«Ë¾¡£1989Ä꣬ÀÏ»¯µÄ¸Ã»úÐͶøÁÙ׿¤ÁҵľºÕù¡£Ëæ×Å¡£¡£¡¡1990
ÄêÀûÈó»¬Æ£¬Æ»¹ûÓÖÒ»´ÎÃæÁÙ¿ØÖÆΣ»ú£¨Crisis¡¡of¡¡control£©¡£
Âó¿Ë¡¤Ë¹±óµÂÀÖ±»ÈÎÃüΪÊ×ϯ¾Óª¹Ù£¬ÐÖú¶Ê³¤Ë¹¿¨Àû¹Ü
Àí¹«Ë¾²¢Ê¹¹«Ë¾»Øµ½Ó¯ÀûÂÊÈÕÒæÔö³¤µÄ¹ìµÀ¡£µ½ÁË¡£¡£¡¡1992Ä꣬
ËûÃdzɹ¦ÁË¡£
Ñ¡Ôñ±ä¸ïµÄÕ½ÂÔ
³ýÁ˹ØÓÚ¹«Ë¾µÄ¾ö²ßºÍ¹«Ë¾½á¹¹µÄÀíÂÛÖ®Í⣬MBAÔÚУʱ
»¹Ñ§µ½ÁËÔÚÃæÁÙÀ§¾³Ê±ÈçºÎ´¦ÀíµÄ¾Ñé¡£ÎÞÂÛÐж¯¼Æ»®¶àô
¡°ÖÜÈ«¡±£¬±ä¸ïµÄ×èÁ¦×ÜÊÇ´æÔڵġ£¾¡¹Ü¼Æ»®¿¼ÂǵúÜÑÏÃÜ£¬
ÈÔÓпÉÄÜײǽ£¬¾ÍÏñ±¾Õ¿ªÍ·ÄÇλбÏÒµµÄ¡£¡£¡¡AÏòÀÏ°åËùÌáµÄ
½¨ÒéÄÇÑù¡£ËùÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬Ô¼º²¡¤¿¼ÌغÍÀï°ÂÄɵ¡¤Ê©À³ÐÁ¸ñÓÚ¡£¡£¡¡1979
Äê¡£¡£¡¡3ÔÂÔÚ¹þ½éÉÌÒµÔ±¨ÉÏ׫ÎÄ¡°Ñ¡Ôñ±ä¸ïµÄÕ½ÂÔ¡±£¬Îª¡£¡£¡¡MBA
ÉúÃÇÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÁîÈËÂúÒâµÄģʽ¡£Ðж¯·½°¸ÍêÈ«È¡¾öÓÚʵ¼Ê
Çé¿ö¡£
ʵ¼ÊÇé¿ö¡ú¸Ä±äÏÖ×´ËùÐèµÄÐж¯
¹«Ë¾È±·¦ÐÅÏ¢¡ú½ÌÓýºÍ¹µÍ¨²ßÂÔ
Ñκþ³ÇÓÐÒ»¼ÒÄ«Êس¹æµÄÉú²ú¹«Ë¾£¬¹ÍÔ±ÃǶԹ«Ë¾µÄÓ¯
ÀûÇé¿öÒ»ÎÞËùÖª¡£´ÓÀÏ°å×ø×ŵĸ߼¶½Î³µÅжϣ¬ËûÃǾõµÃÒ»
Çж¼ºÃ¡£²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬¹«Ë¾ÔÚÅâÇ®£¬³ý·ÇÉú²úÁ¦µÃµ½Ìá¸ß£¬²Ã
Ô±²»¿É±ÜÃâ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇéÐÎÏ£¬Ó¦µ±Ïò¹ÍÔ±ÃÇͨ¸æ¹«Ë¾µÄʵ¼Ê
Çé¿ö£¬ÒÔ±ãËûÃǸøÓèÈ«ÃæºÏ×÷£¬¹¤×÷¸üÓÐЧÂÊ¡£
ÄãÐèÒªÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄãµÄÁ¦Á¿Ì«Ð¡¡ú²ÎÓëÕ½Êõ
¿°Èø˹ÊÐÒ»¼Ò½ðÊôÖÆÔ쳧ƸÇëÒ»¸ö¹ËÎÊÀ´ÖÎÀí¿õ¹¤
ÎÊÌâ¡£¸Ã¹ËÎʲ¢²»ÈÏʶ¹¤ÈËÃÇ£¬²»ÖªµÀËûÃǵĸöÐÔ£¬Ò²
²»Á˽âÕâ¸ö³ÇÊС£ËýûÓÐȨÁ¦ÒªÇóÔ±¹¤ÅäºÏµ÷²é¡£ËýÊ×ÏȱØ
ÐëÈ¡µÃ¹¤ÈËÃǵÄÐÅÈΣ¬¿ªÊ¼ÓëËûÃÇ̸ÂÛÔì³ÉÄÇô¶à²¡¼ÙµÄÔ
Òò¡£ËýÐèÒªËûÃǵĺÏ×÷ºÍ²ÎÓ룬ÒÔ±ãΪ¹¤È˺͹ÜÀí²ã¾ÍÎÊÌâ
½øÐж¨ÐÔ²¢½â¾öÖ®¡£
µ÷ÕûÎÊÌâ¡úÖ§³ÖºÍÍƽøÕ½Êõ
Ëæ×ÅÈ«¹ú·¶Î§µÄ°ì¹«ÊÒµçÄÔ»¯£¬ÃØÊ鹤×÷ÆðÁ˱仯¡£²»
ÔÙÓдò×ÖÔ±ÁË¡£ÒªÇóÃØÊéÃÇÔÚµçÄÔÉÏʹÓÃÎÄ×Ö´¦Àí³ÌÐò¡£¹«
˾ÐèÒª¶ÔÖ°Ô±½øÐÐÔÙÅàѵ£¬¶ø²»ÊǹÍÓÃÐÂÊÖ¡£¹«Ë¾±ØÐëƸÇë
µçÄÔרҵְԱÀ´°ïÖúµ÷Õû¹¤×÷¡£
ÄãÆÚÍûµÄ±ä¸ï»á´øÀ´Ëðʧ¶ø·´¶ÔÕßÓÐÄÜÁ¦×èÀ¹Äã¡ú̸ÅÐ
ºÍÐÒéÕ½Êõ
80Äê´ú£¬ÃÀ¹úÆû³µÐÐÒµÒý½øÁË»úÆ÷ÈË¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄ½ø¿Ú»õ¶á
È¡ÁËÃÀ¹úµÄ¾ÍÒµ»ú»á¡£Í¨Óᢸ£ÌغͿËÀ³Ë¹ÀÕÑ¡ÔñÁËÓëÇ¿´ó
µÄÆû³µ¹¤ÈËÁªºÏ¹¤»á̸Åеķ½Ê½£¬ÔÊÐí°´ÕÕм¼ÊõÒªÇóÐÞ¸Ä
¹¤×÷¹æ³Ì¡£Èç¹û¼¸¼Ò¹«Ë¾²ÉȡǿӲ̬¶È£¬½«×Ô¼ºµÄÒâ־ǿ¼Ó
ÓÚÁªºÏ¹¤»á£¬ÄÇô¹¤»áÓпÉÄÜ°Õ¹¤£¬×îºóµÄ½á¹ûÊÇË«·½¶¼ÃÉ
ÊÜËðʧ¡£Í¨¹ýºÏ×÷£¬Ë«·½¶¼ÓÐÉú´æµÄ»ú»á¡£
Äã±ðÎÞÑ¡Ôñ£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐ×ʽðÀ´Íƽø¹¤×÷¡ú´¦Ö㨲»¸øÑ¡Ôñ£©
¿÷±¾¹«Ë¾³£³£³ýÁ˲ÃÔ±¼õнÍâ±ðÎÞÑ¡Ôñ¡£ÐÂÔóÎ÷ÖÝÌØÀ¼
¶ÙÓиöµç×Ó¿ª¹ØÉú²ú³§¼Ò¸ø¹¤ÈËÁ½¸öÑ¡Ôñ£º»ò½µµÍ¹¤×Ê£¬»ò
ʧȥ¹¤×÷¡£¹¤ÈËÃÇÑ¡ÔñÁ˵͹¤×Ê£¬µ«¹«Ë¾»¹ÊÇʧ°ÜÁË¡£
µÂ¿ËÈø˹º½¿Õ¹«Ë¾µÄ¸¥À¼¿Ë¡¤ÂÞÀ¼×ôÂò϶«·½º½¿Õ¹«Ë¾
µÄÈ«²¿²úȨ£¬½«³ÁÖصÄÕ®ÎñÇ¿¼ÓÔÚ¹«Ë¾ÉíÉÏ¡£½á¹û£¬Ëûʹ¹«
˾±³ÉÏÁ˾޶îÀûÏ¢µÄ°ü¸¤¡£Îª»»¾ÈÕâ¸ö¾ÖÃ棬ÂÞÀ¼×ôÒªÇóÈ«
Ãæ¼õн£¬µ«ËûµÍ¹ÀÁ˹¤»áµÍÖÆËûµÄÒªÇóµÄ¾öÐÄ¡£1990Ä꣬¶«
·½¹«Ë¾Í£ÒµÁË¡£
ÄãÐèÒªËٶȶøÄãÓÖÓµÓоö¶¨È¨¡ú²ÉÓÃÃüÁîºÍ¸ßѹսÊõ
ÕâÖÖ¾ÖÃæ³£¼ûÓÚ×Éѯ¡¢·¨Âɺͻá¼ÆÐÐÒµ¡£Âżû²»ÏʵÄÇé
ÐÎÊÇ£¬¿ªÊ¼ÓÉÒ»¸ö¿Í»§ÒªÇóÒ»¸ö¡°×òÌì¾Í¸ÃÍê³ÉµÄ¡±ÏîÄ¿¡£
ºÏ»ïÈËÈ¥µç¸øһλÖúÀí£¬ÒªÇó¡°Ç°Ì족Íê³ÉÈÎÎñ¡£ºÏ»ïÈ˽ô
´ß£¬ÄǸöÖúÀí¸Ï½ôÐж¯¡£ºÏ»ïÈËÓµÓÐȨÁ¦¡£ÎÊÌâÊǹÍÔ±ÃDZ»
±Æ¼±ÁË£¬ÀëÖ°ÁË¡£¶ÔÕâЩ¹«Ë¾À´Ëµ£¬ËùÐÒµÄÊÇÓÐÒ»´óÅú¼±²»
¿É´ýµÄ¡£¡£¡¡MBA¶¥ÌæÁËËûÃǵÄλÖá£Èç¹ûÄãÑ¡ÔñÁ˸ßѹսÊõ£¬Äã
±ØÐë¿Ï¶¨ÓµÓÐÕâ¸öȨÁ¦£¬²¢ÇÒÔ¸Òâ´¦ÀíÓÉ´ËÒýÆðµÄºó¹û¡£
×éÖ¯ÐÐΪ¿Î¸´Ï°
×îÒª½ôµÄÊÇ£¬MBAÃÇÓ¦µ±Èý˼¶øºóÐС£µ±ÐèÒª²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯Ê±£¬
ËûÃDZØÐë³¹µ×·ÖÎöÐÎÊÆ£¬Ê×ÏÈ´Ó¸öÈ˵ĽǶȣ¬È»ºó´Ó¹«Ë¾ÓÅ
ÊƵĽǶȣ¬ÒÔÖƶ¨Ò»¸öе÷Ò»ÖÂÇÒÐÐÖ®ÓÐ
ЧµÄ¼Æ»®¡£MBAÃǾø²»ÊÇҪѧ³Éʲô¡°×é֯ר¼Ò¡±£¬¶øÊÇ
ÔÚÓµÓÐÁËһЩÀíÂۺͿò¼Üºó£¬Ò»µ©³öÏÖÎÊÌâʱ£¬ËûÃÇÄܸü¼Ó
ÓÐЧ¸¶Ö®Ðж¯¡£
ÐèÒªÕÆÎÕµÄÖ÷Òª´ÊÓKEY¡¡OB¡¡TAKEAWAYS£©¡¡
Want¡¡Got¡¡Gaps¡¡¡Organizational¡¡problems¡¡
Causal¡¡Chains¡¡¡The¡¡relationship¡¡of¡¡problems¡¡to¡¡one¡¡
another¡¡
Action¡¡Planning¡¡¡A¡¡specific¡¡series¡¡of¡¡activities¡¡to¡¡
solve¡¡an¡¡organizational¡¡problm¡¡
APCFB¡¡Model¡¡¡A¡¡human¡¡psychology¡¡model¡¡
Goal¡¡Congruence¡¡¡¡¡People¡¡with¡¡similar¡¡goals¡¡work¡¡
better¡¡together¡£¡¡
Expectancy¡¡Theory¡¡_Motivation¡¡is¡¡a¡¡function¡¡of¡¡how¡¡
an¡¡employee's¡¡actions¡¡translate¡¡into¡¡a¡¡reward¡£¡¡
VCM¡¡Leadersbip¡¡Model¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡vision£»¡¡mitment£»¡¡and¡¡
menagement¡¡aspects¡¡of¡¡leadership¡£¡¡
Active¡¡Listening¡¡¡¡¡Listening¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡insight¡¡
The¡¡5¡¡Forms¡¡of¡¡Power¡¡¡¡¡Power¡¡is¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡more¡¡than¡¡
a¡¡title¡£¡¡
The¡¡Basic¡¡Organizational¡¡Model¡¡¡¡¡Strategy£»¡¡policies£»¡¡
structure£»¡¡systems£»¡¡chilmate£»¡¡and¡¡culture¡¡
Structure¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡way¡¡a¡¡pany¡¡organizes¡¡itself¡¡
Span¡¡of¡¡Control¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡number¡¡of¡¡peopole¡¡a¡¡manager¡¡
directly¡¡controls¡¡
Paradigm¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡corporate¡¡mindset¡¡or¡¡pattern¡¡of¡¡doing¡¡
things¡¡
Systems¡¡Theory¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡organization¡¡functions¡¡much¡¡like¡¡
a¡¡body¡£
¡¡The¡¡Evolution¡¡and¡¡Revolution¡¡Pattern¡¡Organizations¡¡
go¡¡through¡¡a¡¡series¡¡of¡¡growth¡¡and¡¡crisis¡¡
periods¡¡during¡¡their¡¡lifetime¡£¡¡
µÚ¡£¡£¡¡5ÌìÊýÁ¿·ÖÎö
±¾ÕÂÖ÷Ìâ
¾ö²ßÊ÷·ÖÎö
ÏÖ½ðÁ÷Á¿·ÖÎö
¾»ÏÖÖµ
¸ÅÂÊÂÛ
»Ø¹é·ÖÎöÓëÔ¤²â
ÊýÁ¿·ÖÎö´ó¸ÅÊÇ¡£¡£¡¡MBA¿Î³ÌÖÐ×î¾ßÌôÕ½ÐÔ£¬Ò²×îÖØÒªµÄ²¿
·Ö£¬ÊÇѧϰ½ðÈÚ¡¢»á¼Æ¡¢ÓªÏúºÍ¾ÓªµÈ¿Î³ÌʱÓõ½µÄ»ù±¾¹¤
¾ß¡£Òò´Ë£¬¼´Ê¹Äã¶ÔÊý×ÖºÍͳ¼ÆºÜ²»ÔÚÐУ¬Ò²²»ÒªÇáÒ×Ìø¹ý
È¥£¬¶øӦŬÁ¦ÕÆÎÕ±¾ÕÂÄÚÈÝ¡£
ÕÆÎÕÁËÊýÁ¿·ÖÎö¼¼Çɵġ£¡£¡¡MBAºÍÆäËûÈ˱ÈÆðÀ´ÏԵøü³öÖÚ¡£
MBAÃÇÓø´ÔÓµÄͼ±í¡¢Ê¹ÈËÓ¡ÏóÉî¿ÌµÄÓïÑÔ£¬ÒýÆðÀÏ°åµÄ×¢Òâ¡£
Èç¹ûÔËÆø²»´í£¬³ÂÊöÒâ¼û»¹»áÕýºÏÀÏ°åµÄÐÄÒâ¡£
ÔËÓÃÊýÁ¿·ÖÎöµÄÔÀíÀ´½â¾öÏîÄ¿ÖеÄÎÊÌ⣬ÊÇ¡£¡£¡¡MBAÃǵÄ
Ö÷Òª¹¤×÷¡£ÊýÁ¿·ÖÎöÓÐÖúÓÚ¡£¡£¡¡MBAÃǿ͹ۡ¢¹«ÕýµØ´¦Àí¸´ÔÓÎÊ
Ìâ¡£ÕâЩ¼¼Çɱ³ºóµÄÀíÂÛ²¢²»ÄÇôÖØÒª£¬ÖØÒªµÄÊÇÈçºÎÔËÓÃ
Ëü½â¾öÏîÄ¿ÖеÄʵ¼ÊÎÊÌâ¡£µ«ÖµµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇ£¬²»ÂÛÊýÁ¿·ÖÎö
ÕâÒ»¹¤¾ßÔÚÊýѧÉÏÏԵöàô¾«È·£¬Ëü¶¼È¡´ú²»ÁË¡£¡£¡¡MBAÃÇ×Ô¼º
µÄ¶ÀÁ¢Åжϡ£
¾ö²ßÀíÂÛ
¾ö²ßÀíÂÛÑо¿µÄÊÇÈçºÎ½«¸´ÔÓµÄÎÊÌâ·Ö½â£¬Ê¹Ö®³ÉΪÒ×
ÓÚ´¦ÀíµÄ¼¸²¿·Ö¡£Èç¹ûûÓд¦Àí¸´ÔÓÎʵĻù±¾·½·¨£¬ÕâЩÎÊ
Ìâ¾Í¿ÉÒÔתÑÛÖ®¼ä±äµÃ²»¿ÉÊÕÊ°¡£¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬ÓÃÊýÁ¿·ÖÎöµÄ
·½·¨¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúʯÓÍ¿ª²ÉÕß¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñ×ê¾®¡£ÓÉÓÚʯÓÍ¿±Ì½±¾Éí
¾ßÓзçÏÕ£¬ÇÒÎÞ·¨Åųý£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÓÃ
¾ö²ßÊ÷·ÖÎöͼ£¨Decision¡¡tree¡¡diagram£©½«½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄÌæ
´ú·½°¸¡¢ÏîÄ¿·çÏպͲ»È·¶¨ÐÔ½áºÏÔÚÒ»Æð×÷ͨÅ̵Ŀ¼ÂÇ¡£
¾ö²ßÊ÷·ÖÎöµÄ¡£¡£¡¡5¸ö²½ÖèÈ